October Festivals, Festivals, and Parades 2022

Title a greater month than October in NYC – I will wait. Between the gorgeous climate, the scenic foliage and the thrill of Halloween, there’s no higher time to rejoice with a family-friendly competition, honest, carnival or parade. Fortunately we stay in New York, the place there’s by no means a scarcity of celebrations for any vacation or season-  particularly not within the fall! We have rounded up the very best carnivals, festivals, festivals and parades for October 2022 in NYC, Westchester, Lengthy Island and Rockland. Remember to name or examine the web site earlier than you go to substantiate occasion particulars. Have enjoyable!

Click on in your most well-liked area to leap right down to that part.

NYC Fairs, Festivals and Carnivals

     Manhattan | Brooklyn | Queens | Bronx | Staten Island

Long Island Festivals and Carnivals

     Nassau | Suffolk

Westchester Festivals and Carnivals

Rockland Festivals and Carnivals

Annual Community Fall Festival

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 1, 11am-3pm
WHERE: Dyckman Farmhouse Museum, 4881 Broadway Road, Inwood
AGES: All
WHAT: This Annual Neighborhood Fall Pageant can have arts and crafts, story time with the New York Public Library, a bachata dance workshop with Fuerza Dance Studio, a cider press demonstration, garden video games, and a lot extra so that you can get pleasure from!

FREE Harvest Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 1, 12-3 pm
WHERE: Randall’s Island Park, 10 Central Rd., Randall’s Island 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Rejoice fall with pumpkin adorning, glitter tattoos, face portray and scarecrows. Farm exploration and harvest sampling, cider and doughnuts, and a pop-up store with Boogie Down Books. Dwell music by Pete Nater & Associates.

FREE PaleyWKND 

WHEN: Oct. 1-2, 10am-6pm
WHERE: The Paley Middle for Media, 25 West 52nd Road, Higher West Aspect 
AGES: All 
WHAT: This once-in-a-lifetime expertise gives interactive and immersive points of interest from the thrilling worlds of media, sports activities, gaming, and leisure.  

FREE Medieval Festival

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 11:30am-6pm
WHERE: Fort Tryon Park, 741 Ft. Washington Ave., Fort Washington
AGES: All
WHAT: Fort Tryon Park is reworked right into a medieval market city embellished with shiny banners and processional flags. Performers and friends gown in medieval costumes. Guests are greeted by genuine interval music, dance, magic, and minstrels, in addition to jugglers and jesters. The competition consists of thrilling jousts between 4 knights on horseback. Expertise the tradition of a bygone period in opposition to the backdrop of The Met Cloisters and the Hudson River throughout autumn. 

FREE Summer on the Hudson: Little Red Lighthouse Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 8, 12-4pm
WHERE: Little Pink Lighthouse in Fort Washington Park, 172nd Seashore in Fort Washington Park, Higher Manhattan 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Rejoice Manhattan’s solely remaining lighthouse with readings of the eponymous kids’s e-book, fishing clinics, stay music, meals and artwork distributors, City Park Ranger shows, and actions for all ages! 

FREE 78th Annual Columbus Day Parade 

WHEN: Monday, Oct. 10, 11:30am-3:30pm
WHERE: fifth Avenue, forty fourth Road to 72nd Road, Midtown 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Rejoice Italian American heritage and tradition on the largest celebration of its type in the US. 

Fall Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 12-4pm
WHERE: St. James Park, 2550 Jerome Ave., Bronx 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Come out for a day of household video games, sports activities, fall crafts, and extra!  

FREE Bronx Night Market 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 29, 1-7pm
WHERE: Fordham Plaza , 1 Fordham Plaza , Bronx 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Come out to the biggest household pleasant foodie celebration within the Bronx full with meals distributors, child zone, training cubicles, and extra.  
WANT TO GO? Admission is free. Costs fluctuate for meals and actions.

Brooklyn Book Festival: Children’s Day

WHEN: Saturday, October 1, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Brooklyn Commons at MetroTech, 15 MetroTech Middle, Downtown Brooklyn
AGES: All
WHAT: Participate in Kids’s Day on the largest free literary competition in New York with readings, creator signings, demonstrations, and extra!

FREE 47th Annual Atlantic Antic™ Festival

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 12-6pm
WHERE: Atlantic Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, Downtown Brooklyn
AGES: All
WHAT: The oldest and largest road competition in Brooklyn brings collectively all ages and backgrounds to rejoice meals, music, procuring, and group! The forty seventh Annual Atlantic Antic™ Pageant goes alongside Atlantic Avenue from Fourth Avenue to the waterfront, stretching over 10 blocks by neighborhoods Boerum Hill, Cobble Hill, Brooklyn Heights, and Downtown Brooklyn. 

FREE Brooklyn FAM 2022: Festival of Arts and Music

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 10:30am-1:30pm
WHERE: Prospect Park, Live performance Grove Pavilion, 153 East Drive, Prospect Lefferts Gardens
AGES: All
WHAT: Come out for a unbelievable lineup of performances, dance and metal pan workshops, and art-making at Brooklyn FAM’s 2nd annual, family-friendly flagship occasion in Prospect Park. The Live performance Grove Pavilion and surrounding lawns will characteristic Afro-modern MATHETA Dance, South African trumpeter Lesedi Ntsane’s jazz trio, Chinese language Theatre Works’s hand puppet theater, and Tropical Fête’s Caribbean metal pan music. All through the competition, attempt your hand at Chinese language hacky sack, bounce rope with new associates on the gaming desk, and make your mark on a vibrant collaborative public artwork mission. Attendees can be part of the Chair Undertaking, led by Brooklyn-based artist Annie Del Hierro, who invitations you to journal collage on upcycled wood benches and chairs in regards to the query “What does FAMily imply to you, to us?” The completed items will probably be put in at native companies and gathering locations as cool practical seating to spark new conversations about connection and group.

Smorgasburg

WHEN: Sundays by Oct. 30, 11am-6pm
WHERE: Prospect Park Breeze Hill, Lincoln Street Park Entrance, Prospect Lefferts Gardens
AGES: All
WHAT: Smorgasburg, offered in partnership with Prospect Park Alliance, is taken into account the “Woodstock of Consuming.” Native and regional meals purveyors will collect to supply a variety of cuisines.
WANT TO GO? Admission is free, costs fluctuate for items.

FREE Harvest Festival

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 22, 11am-4pm
WHERE: Brooklyn Bridge Park, 334 Furman St., Downtown Brooklyn
AGES: All
WHAT: Rejoice the altering of the seasons with arts and crafts, storytelling, garden video games and extra—together with their signature pumpkin patch.

Queens Night Market

WHEN: Saturdays by Oct. 29, 5pm-12am
WHERE: New York Corridor of Science, 4701 111th St., Corona
AGES: All
WHAT: This massive, family-friendly open-air evening market options as much as 100 unbiased distributors promoting merchandise, artwork, and meals and that includes small-scale cultural performances.
WANT TO GO? Admission is free, costs fluctuate for items.

EEEEEATSCON New York

WHEN: Oct. 8-9, 12-6pm
WHERE: Forest Hills Stadium , 1 Tennis Pl., Forest Hills
AGES: All
WHAT: This final foodie competition options iconic native and world eating places, quite a lot of panel discussions, featured audio system and musical performances.
WANT TO GO? $30. 212-765-7677. https://eeeeeatscon.com/#/.

FREE College Point Boulevard Street Fair

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 11am-6pm
WHERE: School Level Boulevard, School Level Boulevard between twentieth avenue and 14th avenue, School Level
AGES: All
WHAT: The School Level Boulevard Road Honest is the one road honest in Queens that gives kids with free rides all day lengthy! Take pleasure in scrumptious meals, nice procuring, and thrilling video games.

FREE Fall Festival ’22

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 22, 12-5pm
WHERE: King Manor Museum, 150-03 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica
AGES: All
WHAT: This yr, King Manor Museum collaborated with Queens Fiber Arts to supply a competition with dozens of distributors, along with a pumpkin patch (Queens County Farm) and rum tasting with the historic Neir’s Tavern. 

FREE Classical Kids Fair

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 23, 1-4pm
WHERE: Queens Theatre, 14 United Nations Avenue South, Flushing Meadows Corona Park, Corona
AGES: 4-12
WHAT: Households can expertise stay performances, an instrument “petting zoo,” arts and crafts, radio and dance workshops, and extra! 

Lighthouse Point Fest

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 12-6pm
WHERE: Nationwide Lighthouse Museum, 200 The Promenade at Lighthouse Level
AGES: All
WHAT: Head to the sixth Annual Lighthouse Level Fest to get pleasure from leisure, arts and crafts, video games, admission to the Nationwide Lighthouse Museum and extra.
WANT TO GO? $3 recommended donation per particular person

Italian Festival at the Mount

WHEN: Friday, Oct. 7, 6-11pm; Saturday, Oct. 8, 12-9pm; Sunday, Oct. 9, 12-9pm; Monday, October 10, 12-6pm
WHERE: Mount Loretto, 6581 Hylan Boulevard
AGES: All
WHAT: Take pleasure in rides, video games, stay musical performances, beer and sangria gardens, distributors and plenty of scrumptious meals, a stay efficiency by Angelo Venuto on Friday, Oct. 7, an unique automobile present every day and a fireworks show on Saturday, Oct. 8.
WANT TO GO? Tickets to the occasion are $5 per particular person (kids 10 & beneath are free) and onsite parking is accessible for $5 per automobile. 

FREE JCC Fall Harvest Festival

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 11am-2pm 
WHERE: Bernikow JCC, 1466 Manor Street
AGES: ALL
WHAT: Take pleasure in a stay efficiency by Honey Youngster Band, fall crafts, photograph ops, giveaways, plus children sports activities and health samplers, in addition to music and ballet demos. In case of inclement climate, the competition will transfer indoors.

4th Annual New Dorp Lane Car Show

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 16, 9am-3pm
WHERE: New Dorp Lane between tenth St. and eighth St.
AGES: All
WHAT: This traditional, vintage, customized and unique automobile present will ship automotive bliss to the tri-state space’s motorheads! This can be a free household occasion that’s nice for all ages. There will probably be distributors, actions and all the greatest retailers on the Lane!
WANT TO GO? Tickets are $25 at Eventbrite.

 

10th Pound Ridge Harvest Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 1, 1-6pm
WHERE: Pound Ridge City Park, Westchester Ave., Pound Ridge 
AGES: All 
WHAT: This Pageant attracts folks collectively to get pleasure from Oktoberfest type meals, beverage gardens, award-winning music, and nice enjoyable for youngsters. 
WANT TO GO? Admission is free; costs fluctuate for actions and experiences; VIP tickets obtainable. 

FREE Rye Book Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 1, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Rye Free Studying Room, 1061 Boston Submit Rd , Rye 
AGES: 3-12 
WHAT: Rejoice and promote literacy in our group and past by a day crammed with over 100 kids’s authors conducting e-book signings, learn alouds, father or mother workshops and extra. 

Bedford Playhouse: Yellow Brick Road Fest 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 8, 5-10pm
WHERE: Maple Grove Farm , 1185 Outdated Submit Street, Pound Ridge 
AGES: All 
WHAT: The Yellow Brick Street Fest is a themed occasion with intelligent actions, Kansas-style picnic BBQ, and an out of doors screening of The Wizard of Oz. 
WANT TO GO? Tickets begin at $12.24.

FREE Backyard Blaze

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 4-8pm
WHERE: Katonah Hearth Division, 65 Bedford Street, Katonah
AGES: All
WHAT: Go to the firehouse for an evening of meals vehicles, stay music, and naturally, the bonfire!

FREE Yorktown Fall Festival and Car Show

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 11am-5pm
WHERE: Jefferson Valley Mall, 650 Lee Blvd., Yorktown Heights
AGES: All
WHAT: Come out for a day of household enjoyable with kids’s rides, musical performances, canine costume parade, dance performances, crafts, meals, and extra.

FREE Chappaqua Children’s Book Festival 

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Chappaqua Practice Station, Allen Place, Chappaqua 
AGES: 3-12 
WHAT: In its ninth yr, the competition, selling group, literacy and a return to normalcy, can have authors masking a number of genres and studying ranges, creator readings and particular shows, illustrator Demos, Ebook Signings, and extra! 

FREE Ridgetoberfest

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 3-7pm
WHERE: Ridge Hill, 1 Ridge Hill Blvd., Yonkers
AGES: All
WHAT: Kick off the autumn season and revel in a day of family-friendly actions, culinary delights, beer from Bronx Beer Corridor, stay music, pumpkin carving and extra! Convey your family and friends to The Hill for this complimentary occasion.

ArtsFest 

WHEN: Oct. 20-23, See web site for schedule
WHERE: Varied Places in New Rochelle and Pelham, 515 North Ave., New Rochelle 
AGES: All 
WHAT: New Rochelle and Pelham will come alive with artistic works of every kind together with gallery reveals, stay music, movies, dance performances and a lot extra. 
WANT TO GO? Costs fluctuate

FREE Fall Festival 

WHEN: Oct. 22-23, 10am-3pm
WHERE: Greenburgh Nature Middle, 99 Dromore Street, Scarsdale 
AGES: All 
WHAT: Rejoice fall with stay music, crafts and video games, a pumpkin and scarecrow stroll, apple cider demonstrations and tastings, distributors promoting sustainable objects, meadow dedication, and extra. 

 

Arts In The Plaza

WHEN: Saturdays by Oct. 29, 10am-3pm
WHERE: Kennedy Plaza, 1 W Chester St., Lengthy Seashore
AGES: All
WHAT: Arts In The Plaza is Lengthy Seashore’s Weekly Arts Pageant that includes handcrafted artwork by Lengthy Island artists and stay music!

Fall Festival 2022

WHEN: Saturdays and Sundays by Oct. 30, 10am-5pm
WHERE: Hicks Nurseries, 100 Jericho Turnpike, Westbury
AGES: All
WHAT: Strive your hand at corn gap, take photos on the many photograph op stations and the pumpkin patch, get pleasure from the brand new hay maze, meet Otto the Ghost and extra! 
WANT TO GO? $20; free admission for youngsters youthful than 3.

Fall Festival

WHEN: Saturday Oct. 1 and Sunday, Oct. 2, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Starkie Bros. Backyard Middle, 721 Primary Road, Farmingdale
AGES: All
WHAT: Hayrides, Face Portray, Bounce Home, Pumpkin Portray, Scorching canine and Hamburgers. Additionally, come and meet the resident Nigerian Dwarf Goats.
WANT TO GO? Admission is free. $5 pumpkin portray

FREE Bethpage Street Fair

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 10am-5pm
WHERE: Kiwanis Bethpage Central Park, 356 Broadway, Bethpage
AGES: All
WHAT: This competition options procuring, meals vehicles, stay music, and a Ragamuffin Parade!

Mill Neck Manor’s Annual Apple Festival

WHEN: Saturday and Sunday, Oct. 8 and Oct. 9, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Mill Neck Manor, 40 Frost Mill Street, Mill Neck
AGES: All
WHAT: The competition options stay leisure, quite a lot of meals distributors, and also will showcase the most recent in Deaf expertise, healthcare checkups, kids’s face portray, a pumpkin patch, handmade nation crafts, and American Signal Language books and novelty objects. Different thrilling additions that guests can anticipate from this yr’s competition, embrace excursions of the historic Mill Neck Manor Home, craft beer and spirits for buy, complimentary Charcuterie tutorials within the “Cheese Home,” and rides and video games for the children.
WANT TO GO? $20 recommended donation per automobile

FREE West Hempstead Street Fair

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 10am-5pm
WHERE: West Hempstead Neighborhood Assist & Civic Affiliation, 671 Nassau Blvd., West Hempstead
AGES: All
WHAT: Store, eat, hearken to stay music and convey the children to the bounce homes at this fall competition. 

St. Joseph School Annual Fall Festival

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 11am-4pm
WHERE: St. Joseph College, 450 Franklin Avenue, Backyard Metropolis
AGES: All
WHAT: Sip cider and choose pumpkins on the annual St. Joseph College Fall Pageant household occasion. This occasion options bouncers, pony rides, a petting zoo, video games, face painters, a vendor market, music, foods and drinks, a toddler play space and a lot extra.
WANT TO GO? Free to enter. Exercise tickets obtainable on-line upfront or in particular person day of.

FREE The Fall Freshwater Fishing & Children’s Festival

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Hempstead Lake State Park, Lake Aspect Drive, West Hempstead
AGES: All
WHAT: This household pleasant occasion consists of fishing instruction, casting follow, loaner rods, free bait, and fish cleansing providers to all members courtesy of the NY Division of Environmental Conservation (DEC). The fishing license requirement for all anglers over the age of 16 is suspended for this competition. As well as, there will probably be a Casting for Pumpkins exercise, Raptor Present, Magic Present and rather more.
WANT TO GO? Superior registration required. 

Fall Festival and Street Fair

WHEN: Oct. 21-23, Carnival Rides: Friday, 6-11pm; Saturday, 11am-11pm; Sunday, 11am-8pm. Road Honest: Saturday and Sunday, 10am-6pm
WHERE: Dawn Freeway and Merrick Avenue, Merrick
AGES: All
WHAT: Rejoice the autumn season with thrilling carnival rides, mouth watering honest treats, and video games of talent!
WANT TO GO? Admission is free, costs fluctuate for items and rides. 

FREE 36th Annual Rock Hall Country Fair

WHEN: Oct. 22-23, 11am-5pm
WHERE: Rock Corridor Museum, 199 Broadway, Lawrence
AGES: All
WHAT: Convey the household out for a weekend of music, leisure, reveals, colonial historians, cattle, pony rides, and extra!

Waterdrinker’s Fall Festival

WHEN: By way of Oct. 31, Monday-Friday, 10am-6pm; Saturday, 9am-Sundown; Sunday, 9am-6pm
WHERE: Waterdrinker Household Farm & Backyard, 663 Wading River Street, Manorville
AGES: All
WHAT: Pumpkin Choosing, Hay Rides on the weekend, Haunted Corn Maze, Misplaced Island Dino Discovery, Barnyard Animals, Mini Golf, Sunflowers and extra!
WANT TO GO? $15 weekdays; $20 weekends.

Famous Food Festival “Taste the World”

WHEN: Oct. 7-10, Friday-Monday, 11am-8pm
WHERE: Tanger Shops Deer Park, 152 The Arches Circle, Deer Park
AGES: All
WHAT: ‘Style The World’ if you bask in a few of the greatest cuisines that New York, Tri-State, and Lengthy Island have to supply, with over 60 Meals Distributors serving up scrumptious delicacies from international locations from all all over the world! This one-of-a-kind meals competition consists of stay music, cooking demos, carnival rides & video games, native artists alley, vampire escape room, ax throwing, mini golf, online game trailer, their Well-known Children Play land and extra!
WANT TO GO? Tickets Bought in Advance $8; $5 Children 8-12. Day of present: $14; $6 ages 8-12. Free admission for youngsters youthful than 7; VIP admission obtainable

The Fall Farm Festival 2022

WHEN: By way of Oct. 30, Saturdays, Sundays and Columbus Day, 10am-6pm
WHERE: White Submit Farms, 250 Outdated Nation Street, Melville
AGES: All
WHAT: Take pleasure in favorites comparable to Sing-A-Lengthy Hayrides, Pumpkin Choosing, Paint Your Personal Pumpkins, and stay leisure. 
WANT TO GO? $34.95; free admission for youngsters youthful than 15 months. 

Fall Harvest Festival Street Fair

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 10am-6pm
WHERE: 157 Deer Park Avenue, Babylon Village
AGES: All
WHAT: Try the scrumptious BBQ and specialty meals served by your favourite Babylon eating places, cafes and bakeries. Two efficiency levels with steady stay leisure all day. Rides, video games, petting zoo, pony rides, and a lot extra!
WANT TO GO? Admission is free, costs fluctuate for actions.

 

New York Renaissance Faire

WHEN: Saturdays and Sundays by Oct. 9, 10am-7pm
WHERE: Renaissance Faire, Tuxedo Park, 600 NY-17A, Tuxedo Park
AGES: All
WHAT: Journey again in time to cheer in your favourite knight on the Joust Event, meet Robin Hood and his Merry Band, see superb acrobats, magical fairies, swashbuckling pirates, and extra! 
WANT TO GO? $35; $30 seniors 62 and older and army; $18 ages 5-12; free for youngsters youthful than 5. 

Oktoberfest

WHEN: Saturdays and Sundays, Oct. 1-23, 12-5pm
WHERE: Anthony Wayne Recreation Space, Exit 17 off the Palisades Interstate Parkway, Bear Mountain
AGES: All
WHAT: Come out and revel in beer, scrumptious meals, stay music, and enjoyable actions for all ages. 
WANT TO GO? $35-$150 – Superior Registration Required.

FREE 3rd Annual Children’s Book Festival

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 1, 11am-3pm
WHERE: Borough Corridor Garden, 1 Harding Plaza, Glen Rock
AGES: All
WHAT: The competition will characteristic common kids’s authors for a day of household enjoyable and storytelling. Come meet your favourite illustrators, assist native companies, and extra.

Sustainability Walk and Showcase

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 2, 10am-2pm
WHERE: Congers Lake Memorial Park, 6 Gilchrest Street, Congers
AGES: All
WHAT: Take pleasure in a day of enjoyable nature impressed actions and find out about environmentally pleasant services.
WANT TO GO? $10 recommended donation; free admission for youngsters youthful than 18. 

FREE Harvest Festival

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 10am-4pm
WHERE: Garretson Forge and Farm, 4-02 River Street, Honest Garden
AGES: All
WHAT: Rejoice the historical past of the Backyard State with children actions, Civil Struggle reenactors, Open Fireplace cooking that includes nineteenth century recipes, Natural herbs and Restricted Late Summer time Greens, excursions and extra, and excursions of homesteads and gardens. 

FREE Nyack’s Famous Street Fair

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 9, 10am-5pm
WHERE: Downtown Nyack, Primary Road & Broadway, Nyack
AGES: All
WHAT: 2 hundred and fifty exhibitors with arts, crafts, new retail, dwelling deco and presents will probably be collaborating at this procuring and eating occasion.  All kinds of competition meals will probably be obtainable in addition to Nyack’s many outside cafes and eating places. All day music will probably be performed on the gazebo on Primary Road and people music on Broadway. 

FREE Pearl River Day 2022

WHEN: Saturday, Oct. 15, 11am-6pm
WHERE: Pearl River Chamber of Commerce, Central Ave., Pearl River
AGES: All
WHAT: 2022 marks the sesquicentennial official institution of the City of Pearl River. Over 25,000 guests each younger and outdated will collect within the streets and revel in over 200 reveals, stay music, nice meals, arts, crafts and plenty of enjoyable points of interest.

FREE Nanuet Fall Festival

WHEN: Sunday, Oct. 30, 11am-4pm
WHERE: Lake Nanuet Park, 1 Lake Nanuet Drive, Nanuet
AGES: All
WHAT: Convey the household out for Pumpkin Adorning, Refreshments, Beer Truck, Face Portray, Music, Video games, Prizes, Children’ Inflatables, Trunk or Deal with, and extra!

Photograph Credit score: Pexels/energepic

Right here at NYMetroParents, we have got every thing it’s worthwhile to have a safe, fun, and festive fall and Halloween season.  Whether or not it’s pumpkin or apple choosing, getting misplaced in a corn maze, making Halloween crafts or discovering costumes and decorations, we’re right here to assist.